Safety management of elevator maintenance and construction process

Construction safety accidents (or safety incidents) in the process of elevator maintenance are not rare, and should be paid enough attention to. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the construction safety factors affecting the elevator maintenance process, hoping to provide a reference for the safety management of the industry.

1. Regulatory Requirements

Elevator maintenance is usually entrusted by the elevator user with the corresponding qualification of the elevator production unit, in the form of service stipulated in the contract, regular monitoring and inspection of the elevator in use, regular cleaning, lubrication, adjustment, replacement of wearing parts and inspection of the elevator and other daily maintenance and maintenance work. Elevator maintenance construction, refers to the elevator production unit to the above work site operation, is a part of elevator maintenance management. Elevator maintenance construction safety management and related laws and regulations, safety specifications are described as follows.

(1) "Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" Article 45 stipulates: "Elevator maintenance units shall strictly implement the requirements of safety technical specifications in maintenance, ensure the safety performance of their elevator maintenance, and be responsible for the implementation of site safety protection measures to ensure construction safety."

(2) "Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations" Article 5 stipulates: "Special equipment production and use units shall establish and improve special equipment safety management system and post safety responsibility system. The main person in charge of the unit producing or using special equipment shall be fully responsible for the safety of the special equipment of the unit." Article 32 stipulates: "The daily maintenance unit of the elevator shall strictly implement the requirements of the national safety technical specifications in the maintenance, ensure the safety technical performance of the elevator maintained by it, and be responsible for implementing the on-site safety protection measures to ensure the safety of the construction."

(3) TSG T5001-2009 "Elevator Use Management and Maintenance Rules" Article 5 stipulates: "The user shall organize the maintenance according to the elevator safety technical specifications as well as the requirements of product installation, use and maintenance instructions and actual use conditions." Article 10 stipulates: "The safety management personnel of the user unit shall perform the following duties........ (7) Supervise the installation, transformation, maintenance and maintenance of elevators, and sign and confirm the maintenance records of the maintenance units."

(4) As stipulated in Article 57 of the Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, "the department responsible for the safety supervision and administration of special equipment shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, supervise and inspect the production, operation and use units and inspection and testing institutions of special equipment."

The above laws and regulations, safety specifications clearly point out: elevator maintenance construction safety management. The user shall organize and carry out supervision, the maintenance unit shall be responsible for construction safety, and the special equipment safety supervision and administration department shall carry out supervision and inspection.

2 Management Status

2.1 The main responsibility of user safety is not implemented

Some units use safety awareness is not enough, only exists in a elevator maintenance system, fail to effective implementation, there is not enough the elevator safety management personnel, think to sign the contract and pay the premium in just a matter, all subsequent administrative matters shall be the responsibility of the maintenance unit, ignoring the management and the safety of using link to organize, supervise the maintenance of the related responsibility. (1) Elevator in use will be affected by environmental conditions, normal loss, passengers improper use of elevator facilities damage and other factors, lack of these dynamic information collection, collation, can not make the elevator maintenance construction targeted, difficult to do fast, safe and effective. (2) The maintenance and construction of the elevator in use may extend to the use area. It is necessary to coordinate the relationship between construction and use, reasonable scheduling and organization, so as to avoid the crossing of use and maintenance construction, and prevent the owner from straying into the construction area and causing elevator accidents or difficult events. (3) Some use units extensive management, the lack of supervision of the construction process, the construction process of temporary electricity, open fire, etc., the construction unit is not given control, the construction warning, and the use of the area related to the setting of protective facilities do not give a reminder, easy to bury hidden safety risks. (4) the lack of a sound emergency rescue plan, that the elevator has not had a safety accident, relax the safety supervision of the maintenance construction process. When there is an accident, the emergency rescue, rescue and rescue can not be organized in time, which all bring safety hazards to the use and maintenance of the elevator.

2.2 The main responsibility of production safety is lax

To flourish in the elevator, to participate in the activities of maintenance production units is also developing rapidly, but the elevator installation and maintenance personnel growth can't keep up with the increase of the number of the elevator, technical resources, market demand and talents competition in the market consequences lead to maintenance behavior is not standard, some maintenance units to relax the safety management of the maintenance process. (1) the daily maintenance elevator professional skill is high, the risk is big, many people are reluctant to engage in this industry, and so some small elevator production unit in the society to find some social or temporary hired personnel, or affiliated in other company name to carry out the maintenance business, maintenance staff personal skills is not stable, weak technical force of the maintenance team. These temporary maintenance personnel usually do not have a wide range of knowledge, understand the single type of elevator, face a variety of elevator situations do not understand, can not eliminate the fault in time, lack of responsibility for their own maintenance work, often perfunctory or illegal operation, easy to lead to tragedy. (2) Due to the market access conditions are not high, participate in the market activities of the unit more, fierce competition, some production units to take low-cost competition means, in order to reduce maintenance premiums to win a share of the market, the result can only compress management costs, the lack of maintenance personnel necessary technical training and safety education. The safety knowledge of maintenance personnel is not fully mastered on the rush to work, the necessary safety protection equipment can be saved, the safety management of maintenance is seriously missing. (3) Due to the inherent characteristics of the elevator, maintenance personnel are on-site service, although many multidimensional protection units for maintenance personnel have some specific work requirements, but also allocated to some safety protection supplies, but the safety management of the construction process, or to the package. Maintenance personnel do not take into account the use characteristics of the user unit, timely communication with the user unit, on-site maintenance to come and go in a hurry, safety protection facilities are not fully set up to start in a hurry, resulting in owners into the maintenance construction area or maintenance personnel themselves injury.

2.3 The on-site supervision of maintenance is weak

Elevator maintenance is listed in the use of the link management, the use of units have organizational management responsibilities, elevator maintenance construction is also maintenance units in the elevator use site production activities, production units should be responsible for production safety. The supervision and management of elevator maintenance construction process is suitable for on-site safety supervision. Although the government regulatory departments in recent years continue to introduce some elevator use and maintenance management methods, but these methods are more stay at the macro level, the maintenance of the need to focus on supervision and standardization of behavior but no specific measures issued, there are still some problems in the actual supervision: (1) usually county, city bureau of special equipment safety supervision personnel set up only a few names, bear the jurisdiction/tens of thousands of sets of special equipment supervision, supervision strength is not enough, the elevator maintenance construction supervision, how to spot check the system construction of units used separately according to the proportion and the qualification of construction unit, maintenance records, such as inspection way, on-site safety supervision coverage and strength is limited. (2) the production activities of the elevator maintenance is subject to the use of the elevator, causing the uncertainty of the maintenance schedule and maintenance construction involves the technical difficulties and workload, and have not reached the elevator construction category must start to inform, regulators to maintenance construction process may be in a state of knowledge, also to increase difficulty to the site safety supervision. (3) The rapid increase in the number of elevators and the development of elevator technology objectively require higher technical supervision ability. But some supervisory personnel professional and technical knowledge of elevator, maintenance and safety operation procedures such as understanding is limited, the supervisory team failed to with 倶 into technical ability construction, the maintenance construction process can only be played down the real-time sampling, stay in some macro inspection, it is not all of the elevator maintenance safety management, restricted the effect of site safety supervision.

3 Suggestions and countermeasures

In view of the importance of safety management in elevator maintenance and construction process to implement elevator maintenance system, it is necessary to strengthen management from the following aspects.

3.1 Strengthen the safety management of the construction process of the maintenance unit

(1) The safety of the elevator maintenance construction process depends on the management of the construction unit. Elevator there are big risks in the process of maintenance and construction, the construction unit should take the production safety responsibility, safety standards in the implementation of the provisions of the state of the at the same time, the introduction of risk management, risk identification, identify facing the complex environment and the internal and external risks, the severity of the risk analysis, risk for serious evaluation to the targeted measures, Reduce the risk to Z. Elevator use and maintenance is inevitably affected by the conditions of use, service crowd, elevator production quality, maintenance level, enterprise funds and other factors. Fall injury, mechanical injury, electrical injury may occur in the construction process, construction tools, construction waste falling from height may bring blow harm. After identifying the source of risk, preventive measures should be developed. First ask the elevator maintenance are through relevant department of professional and technical construction personnel training, examination qualified after holding "special equipment operator certificate", to use the maintenance instructions for the elevator guide to establish "construction plan (including security measures)" I a professional construction personnel mount guard before on the safety education, to enter the construction site, Make safety disclosure and technical disclosure. After completing the above procedures, use safety helmet, safety belt and other protective equipment as required. During the implementation of maintenance construction, there shall be no less than one operator holding the special equipment operator certificate of the corresponding operation item on the site, so as to take care of each other, monitor and supervise each other. The construction personnel shall conduct self-inspection and special inspection for the facilities and protective equipment supporting the key process and special process in the construction, and implement process supervision. In addition, the production unit should also carry out safety inspection on time for the loss of power tools and protective equipment, and carry out regular inspection on the implementation of safety standards for maintenance and construction. The formulation and implementation of the above measures can effectively reduce the construction risk.

(2) Maintenance units should strengthen industry self-discipline, actively create a benign and orderly competition atmosphere, and promote the healthy development of the industry. (1) The establishment of peer association, the development of industry convention, the system to constrain the bad behavior of individual maintenance units. (2) According to the local labor wages, traffic conditions and other factors, the organization of elevator maintenance cost accounting consulting services, avoid the vicious behavior of competitive price underpricing, promote fair competition, technical guarantee of quality service concept. (3) Strengthen the communication between elevator users and maintenance units, so that the supply and demand sides clearly assume their respective safety responsibilities, and facilitate maintenance units to carry out maintenance technical services according to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations. (4) Maintenance units adopt internal training, study abroad and other professional skills, safety knowledge training methods to improve the quality of in-service maintenance personnel. For areas with a large gap of maintenance personnel, local vocational training schools can be combined to specially set up elevator installation, maintenance and maintenance courses to train professionals.

(3) The maintenance unit should formulate emergency measures and rescue plans for different categories (types) of elevators, and conduct emergency drills at least once every six months. During on-site maintenance, it is necessary to communicate with the user in time to avoid the elevator peak, ensure that the safety warning and safety protection facilities on the maintenance site are set effectively, prevent users from straying into the construction area, or take measures to prevent the misuse of the elevator during maintenance.

3.2 Implement the maintenance management system and fulfill the responsibilities of organizational supervision

(1) The user should strengthen the awareness of the main responsibility for the use of safety, implement the maintenance management system, and ensure the necessary input for the safe operation of the elevator. Select large-scale, strong technical ability, perfect management, and elevator level qualified production units to sign maintenance contracts, equipped with certified elevator safety management personnel, strengthen the daily inspection of elevator operation, found trouble hidden trouble timely organization and elimination. Establish maintenance fund system to ensure the needs of wearing parts, consumables and labor costs of elevators, and reduce the risks of operation and maintenance safety.

(2) establish post responsibility system as the core of the elevator use and operating and safety management system, safety education and training of elevator safety management personnel, make them on the elevator operation principle, safety accessories and specific parts, common troubleshooting methods have a certain understanding, to the abnormal situation of elevator running on real records and to supervise the maintenance construction effectively. Promote the maintenance of the workpiece done carefully in place.

(3) According to the elevator's use environment, operation condition, owner's requirements, elevator varieties, parts life, etc., work out the maintenance plan together with the maintenance unit, make the maintenance time and supervision personnel arrangement in advance, reduce the elevator stop time and improve the maintenance efficiency. In the maintenance process of the elevator, the owner should guide, inform and coordinate the organization to prevent the misuse and misoperation of the elevator without the owner's knowledge.

(4) Carry out emergency rescue drills to train the actual combat ability of the rescue team and improve the efficiency of elevator failure or accident treatment.

3.3 Strengthen on-site supervision and standardize maintenance and construction behavior

(1) Establish a maintenance monitoring and inspection mechanism to strengthen on-site safety supervision. Will examine on the scene the elevator maintenance construction safety supervision of the random sample, adopt the method of raids, the construction scheme and construction personnel qualifications for on-site review, combined unit maintenance system implementation and maintenance of qualifications, maintenance records, such as macroscopic inspection, check the maintenance construction safety management system to carry out the situation, The inspection results shall be included in the assessment of the implementation of the main responsibility of production safety.

(2) The production license qualification shall be downgraded or cancelled for maintenance units that fail to formulate maintenance plans in accordance with TSG T5001-2009 and relevant safety technical specifications as well as elevator product installation, use and maintenance instructions, or have serious lack of safety production management system, causing casualties to passengers or serious damage to elevators.

(3) Strengthen the training and learning of elevator basic knowledge and safety technical specifications for supervisors, master the professional knowledge needed for law enforcement, and improve the technical law enforcement ability. Strengthen the construction of supervision system, reasonably deploy supervision personnel, mobilize the enthusiasm of supervision assistant personnel, in order to improve the effectiveness of on-site safety supervision.

3.4 Establish elevator liability insurance to effectively control construction risks

Article 17 of the Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China clearly stipulates: "The State encourages the insurance of special equipment safety liability so as to guide the elevator use and daily maintenance units to participate in the elevator liability insurance and improve the ability to pay for accidents." During the process, with the elevator maintenance may be due to the use and maintenance of construction under the condition of unforeseen, superposition of different risks appear or amplification effect and cause an accident, the production unit, and the use of the insurance mechanism should be introduced, that is, to establish and perfect the liability insurance, the use of social resources to achieve effective control of elevator maintenance construction process safety risk.

4 conclusion

The safety management of elevator maintenance and construction process is the basis to ensure the quality and safety of elevator maintenance. Only when the maintenance unit strengthens the maintenance production safety management, the user unit reasonably organizes and implements on-site supervision, and the special equipment safety supervision and management department implements effective supervision and inspection, can the normal operation be achieved and the negative energy in the construction process of elevator maintenance can be reduced. For the majority of owners to provide safe and harmonious use environment.